The healthcare industry has seen a gradual increase in data breaches “involving the loss of 500 or more records” from 2009 to 2024. These breaches compromise sensitive patient data and expose organizations to financial losses, legal repercussions, and reputational damage. Implementing robust cyber hygiene practices, such as regular system updates, strong access controls, and staff training, can significantly reduce the risk of such incidents.
Why cyber hygiene is important
Healthcare organizations face unique cybersecurity challenges due to the sensitive nature of patient data. Cyber hygiene practices are therefore important for:
- Protecting patient privacy: Breaches can expose sensitive patient information, leading to identity theft or loss of trust.
- Regulatory compliance: Adherence to HIPAA and similar regulations requires strong security measures to avoid hefty penalties.
- Operational continuity: Ransomware or other attacks can disrupt critical services, potentially endangering lives.
Cyber hygiene practices
Regular software updates
- Ensure all systems, including electronic health records (EHR) software, medical devices, and operational systems, are updated to the latest versions.
- Apply patches promptly to address vulnerabilities.
Strong password management
- Enforce policies for creating strong, unique passwords.
- Implement password expiration policies and require periodic changes.
- Encourage the use of password managers for secure storage.
See also: Guide to HIPAA compliant password requirements
Two-factor authentication (2FA)
- Add an extra layer of security for accessing patient records and other sensitive systems.
- Use authenticator apps or hardware tokens to minimize risk.
Routine backups
- Back up critical data regularly and store copies securely, both onsite and in encrypted cloud storage.
- Test backup and recovery processes to ensure reliability during emergencies.
Cybersecurity awareness training
- Conduct regular training for staff to recognize and report cyberattacks.
- Simulate cyberattacks to measure preparedness and reinforce training.
Network security
- Use firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and secure Wi-Fi configurations.
- Segment networks to separate sensitive data from less critical areas.
Endpoint protection
- Deploy antivirus and anti-malware solutions across all devices, including computers, tablets, and mobile devices used in telehealth.
- Use device encryption to protect data on stolen or lost hardware.
- Use automatic logoff to minimize the risk of unauthorized access when devices are left unattended.
Restrict access to sensitive data
- Adopt role-based access control (RBAC) to ensure staff only access data necessary for their roles.
- Regularly review and adjust permissions.
Audit and monitor systems
Incident response plan
- Create and maintain a robust incident response plan.
- Conduct drills to ensure staff know how to respond to breaches or attacks.
Implementing cyber hygiene in healthcare organizations
To embed these practices effectively, healthcare organizations should follow a structured approach:
- Assess current security posture: Begin with a comprehensive risk assessment to identify vulnerabilities and prioritize improvement areas
- Build a culture of security: Cybersecurity is everyone's responsibility. Engage all employees, from administrative staff to clinicians, in maintaining good cybersecurity practices.
- Create comprehensive policies: Develop clear cybersecurity policies and procedures tailored to the organization’s needs. Ensure they are aligned with industry regulations like HIPAA.
- Leverage technology solutions: Invest in secure technologies like encryption, advanced threat detection, and automated patch management systems to strengthen defenses.
- Conduct regular reviews and updates: Cyber threats evolve rapidly. Periodically review and update cyber hygiene policies and technologies to stay ahead of emerging threats.
- Collaborate with third-party experts: Work with cybersecurity firms or consultants to conduct penetration testing and receive expert guidance on best practices.
FAQs
What is cyber hygiene?
Cyber hygiene is the regular practices and measures individuals and organizations take to maintain the security and functionality of their digital systems. It includes activities like updating software, managing passwords, and educating users about cybersecurity threats.
Go deeper: What is cyber hygiene?
What tools can help with cyber hygiene?
Tools like antivirus software, password managers, backup solutions, VPNs, and network monitoring systems can enhance cyber hygiene efforts. Additionally, organizations may use security awareness platforms for staff training.
What happens if a healthcare organization neglects cyber hygiene?
Neglecting cyber hygiene can lead to data breaches, regulatory penalties, operational disruptions, and loss of trust. It also increases the organization’s vulnerability to ransomware attacks and other cyber threats.
Tshedimoso Makhene
