Research on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education defines AI as computer systems that can perform tasks that usually require human intelligence. It has the potential to positively change healthcare and empower patients.
But while AI is changing industries like healthcare by streamlining services, it's also opening new doors for cybercriminals. They're using AI to launch more advanced attacks targeting sensitive healthcare data.
AI is viewed as a tool that has the potential to bring benefits while also posing risks. On the upside, it can improve patient outcomes by making diagnoses quicker, tailoring treatment plans to individual needs, and accelerating the process of developing new medications. The same capabilities that make AI a valuable asset can also be misused by malicious actors who seek to compromise healthcare systems.
Read more: Artificial Intelligence in healthcare
AI has the potential to enhance healthcare services in significant ways. It can sift through vast amounts of data to identify diseases at an earlier stage, assist in the drug development process by reducing both the cost and time involved, and even diagnose medical conditions with a level of speed and accuracy that can surpass that of human doctors. While these advancements offer tremendous promise for the future of healthcare, there is also a darker side that cannot be overlooked.
Despite all the good AI can do, it can also be manipulated to conduct harmful activities. For instance, AI can automate phishing attacks or generate malware, making it easier for less skilled hackers to execute complex cyberattacks. Additionally, AI's ability to analyze large datasets helps cybercriminals find weak spots in healthcare systems more efficiently.
Phishing remains one of the most popular methods for cybercriminals to steal information, and AI is making these attacks even more dangerous. With generative AI, hackers can create highly convincing phishing emails that look just like legitimate communications. By analyzing social media and other data, they can tailor messages to specific people, boosting the chances of success. These AI-generated emails often avoid the usual red flags, like awkward phrasing or grammar mistakes, making them harder to spot.
The availability of AI tools also lowers the barrier to entry for cybercrime, allowing people with minimal technical skills to launch sophisticated phishing campaigns. This makes it easier for more attackers to engage in activities that pose serious risks to healthcare organizations.
AI-generated emails are becoming more convincing and increasingly difficult to detect. Cybercriminals are using AI to create messages that can slip past security filters by using refined language and employing new tactics. The ability of AI to produce a high volume of unique emails quickly poses a challenge for traditional email security methods, making it necessary for organizations to reevaluate their defensive strategies.
AI is also having a major effect on the development of polymorphic malware, which constantly changes its code to evade detection. With AI, the malware’s code can be automatically modified, making it easier for it to bypass traditional antivirus programs. This rapid generation of new variants presents a serious challenge for healthcare organizations working to safeguard patient data from changing threats.
AI accelerates brute force attacks by enabling hackers to try countless password combinations at an incredibly fast rate. With AI algorithms and advanced computing power, thousands of combinations can be tested in a matter of seconds. The increased speed reduces the time required to crack even complex passwords, which makes it necessary for healthcare providers to implement and enforce strong password policies.
Read also: What is a brute force attack?
Hackers aren’t limited to using AI for launching attacks; they also employ it to identify weaknesses in systems. AI-driven tools can rapidly scan software and networks for vulnerabilities, often detecting them before security teams can apply patches. The increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in healthcare adds to the concern, as these devices offer more potential entry points for attackers.
Conversational AI, such as chatbots, is increasingly common in healthcare, but these tools can be manipulated by hackers. Techniques like jailbreaking can help attackers bypass security protocols, and social engineering tricks can coax chatbots into sharing confidential information. Healthcare providers must be cautious and consider using rule-based systems or conducting regular security audits to protect chatbot interactions.
CAPTCHA remains a popular tool to block automated access to websites, but AI advancements have made it possible to bypass these defenses using sophisticated learning algorithms and optical character recognition (OCR). As a result, healthcare websites face increased risks, particularly when other security measures are lacking or not up to date.
On February 20, 2024, U.S. House Speaker Mike Johnson and Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries jointly announced the creation of a bipartisan Task Force on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The task force is a strategic initiative to position America as a leader in AI innovation while addressing the complexities and potential threats posed by this transformative technology.
The creation of the task force comes in the wake of nuanced challenges and opportunities mentioned by experts like James Manyika. By bringing together regulatory authorities, policymakers, and industry experts, this task force strives to understand how to use AI for groundbreaking advancements in healthcare—such as improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency. They will also address concerns like privacy, bias, and the responsible use of technology.
Read more: U.S. House launches bipartisan AI task force
Yes, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) applies to the use of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity in healthcare. Any technology or process that involves the storage or transmission of protected health information (PHI) must comply with HIPAA regulations to ensure patient data privacy and security.
In most cases, obtaining patient consent is necessary when using artificial intelligence and cybersecurity tools in healthcare, especially if these technologies involve the processing or analysis of patient data. Patient consent ensures transparency and compliance with ethical and legal standards, empowering patients to make informed decisions about the use of their healthcare information.